Below, you can see the preview of the Computer Languages History (click on the white zone to get a bigger image):

1954		1980			1995			2003

There is only 50 languages listed in my chart, if you don't find "your" language, see The Language List of Bill Kinnersley (he has listed more than 2500 languages).

If you want to print this timeline, you can download one of the following files:

Printer using A4 paper
Printer using Letter paper
Plotter			If you have some problem with the EPS file, look here.

Here is the ChangeLog of this history.

If you have put this diagram on the wall of your office and have taken a photo of it, please send me a copy and I'll put it on this page. ;-)

Note : I have now a page where I explain how I build this chart.

O'REILLY has published a color version of The History of Programming Languages.

ABC :

• A Short Introduction to the ABC Language

• Ada 95
• Ada Home Page
• AdaPower
• Special Interest Group on Ada
• Ada Information Clearinghouse

• The ALGOL Programming Language

• The AWK Programming Language by Alfred V. Aho, Brian W. Kernighan, and Peter J. Weinberger

• Apl Language
• APL

• The Programming Language B (abstract)
• Users' Reference to B by Ken Thompson

• The Basic Archives
• Visual Basic Instinct
• Visual Basic Resource
• True BASIC
• REALbasic

• BCPL Reference Manual by Martin Richards

• The Development of the C Language by Dennis Ritchie
• Very early C compilers and language by Dennis Ritchie
• The C Programming Language (book)
• Programming languages - C ANSI by ISO/IEC (draft)
• C Programming Course

• Bjarne Stroustrup's Home Page
• The C++ Programming Language (book)

• Visual C# Language by Microsoft.

• The Caml language
• Objective Caml
• The Objective-Caml system

• CLU Home Page

• IBM COBOL family
• COBOL Portal
• TinyCOBOL
• COBOL User Groups - COBUG

• Coral66
• Computer On-line Real-time Applications Language Coral 66 Specification for Compilers (pdf)

• Combined Programming Language (Wikipedia)

• Delphi 2005 by Borland
• Pascal and Delphi
• A brief history of Borland's Delphi

• Eiffel
• EiffelStudio by Eiffel Software
• Visual Eiffel by Object Tools
• SmartEiffel
• EiffelZone

• Flow-Matic and Cobol

• Forth Interest Group Home Page

• User notes on Fortran programming
• Fortran 2000 draft
• Fortran 2003 JTC1/SC22/WG5

• Haskell Home Page

• The Icon Programming Language
• Icon
• History of the Icon programming language

• J software
• A management perspective of the "J" programming language

• Java by Sun Microsystems
• Java Technology: an early history
• Programming Languages for the Java Virtual Machine
• James Gosling's home page

• Cmm History by Nombas
• JavaScript Language Resources from Mozilla
• Standard ECMA-262

• The Association of Lisp Users
• An Introduction and Tutorial for Common Lisp

• Mainsail from Xidak.
• Mainsail Implementation Overview by Stanford Computer Systems Laboratory.

• M technologies
• M[UMPS] Development Committee
• What is M Technology?

• Standard ML
• Standard ML '97

• Modula-2
• Modula-3 Home Page
• Modula-2 ISO/IEC

• A Brief History of Oberon
• A Description of the Oberon-2 Language
• The Programming Language Oberon-2

• Objective-C
• Objective-C FAQ
• Introduction to The Objective-C Programming Language by Apple
• Objective-C: Links, Resources, Stuff

• ISO Pascal (document)
• Pascal and Delphi

• Perl Home Page
• Perl
• Larry Wall's Very Own Home Page

• PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

• Multics PL/I
• IBM PL/I family by IBM

• Plankalkül

• PostScript level 3 by Adobe
• PostScript and GhostScript by Jim Land
• GhostScript Home Page

• Prolog Programming Language
• The Prolog Language

• Python Home Page

• IBM REXX Family by IBM
• The Rexx Language Association

• Ruby Home Page
• Ruby programming language (Wikipedia)
• Ruby - doc

• Sail (Stanford Artificial Intelligence Language)

• Sather History
• Sather
• GNU Sather

• Scheme by MIT
• The Revised⁵ Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme (in PostScript)
• Schemers Home Page
• SCM

• Self Home Page from Sun

• Korn Shell of David Korn
• Bash from GNU
• Zsh

• Simula by Jan Rune Holmevik

• Smalltalk Home Page
• Smalltalk FAQ
• The Early History of Smalltalk
• The Smalltalk Industry Council web site
• VisualAge Smalltalk from IBM
• VisualWorks from Cincom
• The history of Squeak
• ANSI Smalltalk

• Snobol4 Resources by Phil Budne
• Introduction to SNOBOL Programming Language by Mohammad Noman Hameed
• Snobol4

• Tcl/Tk Information

Other links on same subject :

• The Language List (about 2500 computer languages) by Bill Kinnersley
• An interactive historical roster of computer languages by Diarmuid Pigott.
• Programming languages by The Brighton University
• Programming languages
• Diagram of programming languages history
• The Programming Languages Genealogy Project
• History of Programming Languages
• 99 Bottles of Beer
• Dictionary of Programming Languages
• Wikipedia: Computer languages
• Computer-Books.us: free computer books
  
  
• Histoire de l'informatique : Les langages de programmation (in French) by Serge Rossi.

My other links :

• Unix History.
• NeXT History (in french).
• Windows History.
• Another Chart In The Wall.

Last update : september 4, 2005
Please send comment to Éric Lévénez
The address of this page is http://www.levenez.com/lang/.

You can freely use this diagram for non-commercial purpose.

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